Ledger revealed a security breach at its payment partner, Global-e, which leaked customer data. The incident involved names and contact info from users who bought via Global-e as Merchant of Record. The breach came from a cloud system holding order data for multiple brands. Ledger said it wasn’t the only one affected. Scammers could use the data for phishing attacks. This follows past breaches in 2020 and 2021. In 2025, crypto phishing tied to inflation data trends caused $84 million in losses.

<html><body><p>Customers of Ledger, a crypto hardware wallet provider, have had their names and contact information leaked after one of the firm’s payment processing partners suffered a data breach.
Only customers who purchased Ledger.com using Global-e as a Merchant of Record are potentially impacted, a Ledger spokesperson told <i>DL News.</i>
“Ledger was not the only brand whose customer data was affected,” the spokesperson said. “The unauthorised party gained access to a Global-e cloud-based information system containing shopper order data from several brands.”
Ledger did not respond to a question about how many of its customers were impacted by the breach. 
Global-e did not immediately respond to a request for comment. 
The incident comes as scams targeting crypto users remain a perennial issue. 
In 2025, bad actors <a href="https://drops.scamsniffer.io/scam-sniffer-2025-crypto-phishing-losses-fall-83-to-84-million/" rel="">stole</a> almost $84 million through phishing attacks, according to crypto security firm ScamSniffer. 
These attacks involve scammers using fake emails, texts, or calls to trick customers into revealing sensitive information, clicking links that install crypto-stealing malware, or inadvertently sending them their crypto.
The Global-e data breach could worsen the situation. The leaked data includes Ledger customers’ contact information, a valuable resource for scammers targeting crypto users through email-based phishing attacks. 
Not the first time 
Ledger’s crypto hardware wallets are designed to help users keep their crypto assets secure by adding a layer of security. 
Yet for many, purchasing a hardware wallet from the firm has <a href="https://www.ledger.com/phishing-campaigns-status" rel="">exposed</a> them to phishing attacks due to multiple data breaches.
In 2020, the firm <a href="https://support.ledger.com/article/E-commerce-and-Marketing-data-breach-FAQ" rel="">revealed</a> that data linked to around 272,000 of its customers had been stolen through a breach of its e-commerce and marketing database.
Later that year, Shopify, one of Ledger’s e-commerce service providers, revealed that a rogue employee had leaked data from around 292,000 Ledger customers.
These previous leaks included not just customer names and emails, but also addresses and phone numbers.
Leaks of crypto users’ addresses have led to so-called wrench attacks — where criminals locate, kidnap, and extort known customers to get them to hand over the password-like private keys that grant access to their crypto. 
Ledger co-founder attacked
Last year, David Balland, one of Ledger’s co-founders, was targeted by such an attack. 
Balland and his wife were <a href="https://www.dlnews.com/articles/regulation/ledger-cofounder-david-balland-and-wife-kidnapped-in-france/" rel="">kidnapped</a> from their home and held for ransom in a wrench attack that took place in France in January. 
Criminals held the pair for around 24 hours before French authorities freed them.
During the attack, the assailants severed one of Balland’s fingers and sent it to his associates in an attempt to lure ransom payments, French newspaper <i>Le Monde</i> reported.
In June, French police <a href="https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/le-commanditaire-presume-des-cryptorapts-en-france-interpelle-au-maroc-04-06-2025-CGLNY4SCBZFQNC4RQMEU24PMH4.php" rel="">arrested</a> a French-Moroccan national, alleged to be the ringleader of the group who carried out the attack, as well as several other kidnapping plots in France.
<i>Tim Craig is DL News’ Edinburgh-based DeFi Correspondent. Reach out with tips at </i><a href="mailto:tim@dlnews.com" rel=""><i>tim@dlnews.com</i></a><i>.</i></p></body></html>

Customers of Ledger, a crypto hardware wallet provider, have had their names and contact information leaked after one of the firm’s payment processing partners suffered a data breach. Only customers who purchased Ledger.com using Global-e as a Merchant of Record are potentially impacted, a Ledger spokesperson told 

 “Ledger was not the only brand whose customer data was affected,” the spokesperson said. “The unauthorised party gained access to a Global-e cloud-based information system containing shopper order data from several brands.” Ledger did not respond to a question about how many of its customers were impacted by the breach. Global-e did not immediately respond to a request for comment. The incident comes as scams targeting crypto users remain a perennial issue. In 2025, bad actors 

 almost $84 million through phishing attacks, according to crypto security firm ScamSniffer. These attacks involve scammers using fake emails, texts, or calls to trick customers into revealing sensitive information, clicking links that install crypto-stealing malware, or inadvertently sending them their crypto. The Global-e data breach could worsen the situation. The leaked data includes Ledger customers’ contact information, a valuable resource for scammers targeting crypto users through email-based phishing attacks. Not the first time Ledger’s crypto hardware wallets are designed to help users keep their crypto assets secure by adding a layer of security. Yet for many, purchasing a hardware wallet from the firm has 

 them to phishing attacks due to multiple data breaches. In 2020, the firm 

 that data linked to around 272,000 of its customers had been stolen through a breach of its e-commerce and marketing database. Later that year, Shopify, one of Ledger’s e-commerce service providers, revealed that a rogue employee had leaked data from around 292,000 Ledger customers. These previous leaks included not just customer names and emails, but also addresses and phone numbers. Leaks of crypto users’ addresses have led to so-called wrench attacks — where criminals locate, kidnap, and extort known customers to get them to hand over the password-like private keys that grant access to their crypto. Ledger co-founder attacked Last year, David Balland, one of Ledger’s co-founders, was targeted by such an attack. Balland and his wife were 

 from their home and held for ransom in a wrench attack that took place in France in January. Criminals held the pair for around 24 hours before French authorities freed them. During the attack, the assailants severed one of Balland’s fingers and sent it to his associates in an attempt to lure ransom payments, French newspaper 

 a French-Moroccan national, alleged to be the ringleader of the group who carried out the attack, as well as several other kidnapping plots in France. 

Tim Craig is DL News’ Edinburgh-based DeFi Correspondent. Reach out with tips at 

Ledger Reveals Payment Partner Leaked Customer Data in New Data Breach

Grayscale Investments announced on March 15, 2025, that it will start distributing staking rewards from its Ethereum Trust (ETHE) to U.S. investors. This makes the Grayscale Ethereum Trust the first U.S.-listed Ethereum ETP to pass staking profits to shareholders. The move brings U.S. offerings in line with European staking ETPs and meets investor demand for yield. Grayscale uses institutional staking providers to manage validator operations, ensuring network participation without compromising custody. Rewards will be paid in USD or as additional ETHE shares, based on investor preference. The update adds a new angle to Ethereum ecosystem news.

<html><body><div class="entry-content"><p>In a landmark move for the digital asset industry, Grayscale Investments announced on March 15, 2025, that it will begin distributing staking rewards from its Ethereum Trust (ETHE) directly to investors. This pivotal decision establishes the Grayscale Ethereum Trust as the first U.S.-listed Ethereum Exchange-Traded Product (ETP) to pass staking profits to shareholders, fundamentally altering the value proposition for institutional and retail investors alike. Consequently, this action bridges a critical gap between traditional finance mechanisms and the native yield-generating capabilities of proof-of-stake blockchain networks.</p><h2>Grayscale ETHE Staking Rewards: Breaking New Ground</h2><p>Grayscale’s announcement represents a significant evolution in its product strategy. Previously, the Grayscale Ethereum Trust (ETHE) operated as a passive holding vehicle. The trust simply acquired and held Ethereum (ETH) on behalf of investors. However, following Ethereum’s transition to a proof-of-stake consensus mechanism in 2022, those held assets gained the inherent ability to earn yield through staking. For years, this potential revenue stream remained untapped for ETHE shareholders. Now, Grayscale has implemented the necessary infrastructure to participate in Ethereum staking and will distribute the accrued rewards. This development directly addresses long-standing investor demand for yield within spot crypto ETP structures.</p><p>Furthermore, this move carries substantial regulatory and market implications. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has historically scrutinized staking services. Grayscale’s ability to launch this program suggests a matured regulatory dialogue. The firm likely engaged extensively with regulators to ensure compliance. This paves the way for other asset managers to follow suit. The distribution model itself will be crucial. Grayscale indicated rewards will be distributed periodically in U.S. dollars, unless shareholders elect to receive them in-kind as additional ETHE shares. This flexibility caters to different investor tax and strategy preferences.</p><h2>The Mechanics of Ethereum Staking and ETP Integration</h2><p>Understanding this news requires a clear grasp of Ethereum staking. In proof-of-stake, participants, known as validators, lock up or “stake” ETH to help secure the network. In return, they earn rewards in the form of additional ETH. These rewards come from newly issued ETH and transaction fees. For an entity like Grayscale, staking the massive ETH holdings of the ETHE trust generates a substantial yield. The technical and operational challenge involves doing this securely, reliably, and at scale. Grayscale partners with established, institutional-grade staking providers to manage validator operations. This delegation ensures network participation without compromising the custody of the underlying assets.</p><h3>A Comparative Look at Staking ETP Structures</h3><p>The table below contrasts the new ETHE model with other common structures for gaining Ethereum exposure:</p><table><thead><tr><th><strong>Product Type</strong></th><th><strong>Staking Rewards</strong></th><th><strong>Key Characteristics</strong></th><th><strong>Primary Market</strong></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Grayscale ETHE (Updated)</td><td><strong>Yes, distributed</strong></td><td>Spot ETP, distributes yield, listed on OTC markets</td><td>United States</td></tr><tr><td>European Ethereum ETPs</td><td>Often yes</td><td>Spot ETPs that frequently incorporate staking, listed on EU exchanges</td><td>European Union</td></tr><tr><td>Self-Custody Staking</td><td>Yes, direct</td><td>User holds private keys, requires 32 ETH minimum for solo staking</td><td>Global</td></tr><tr><td>Centralized Exchange Staking</td><td>Yes, but variable</td><td>Convenient but involves custodial risk, yields set by platform</td><td>Global</td></tr><tr><td>Non-Staking U.S. ETF (Hypothetical)</td><td>No</td><td>Would hold ETH but not generate yield, awaiting SEC approval</td><td>United States</td></tr></tbody></table><p>As shown, Grayscale’s move brings the U.S. market closer to the feature set already available in Europe and through direct participation. The key advantage for investors is <strong>accessibility</strong>. They gain exposure to staking yield without managing technical validators or navigating self-custody. This significantly lowers the barrier to entry. Moreover, it provides a regulated, familiar investment wrapper for yield-seeking capital.</p><h2>Market Impact and Investor Implications</h2><p>The immediate market reaction has been notably positive. Analysts observe a narrowing of ETHE’s discount to its Net Asset Value (NAV). Historically, ETHE often traded at a significant discount because investors could not access the underlying asset’s yield. The promise of staking rewards directly addresses this valuation gap. By generating a yield, ETHE transforms from a pure price-appreciation vehicle into an income-generating asset. This change fundamentally alters its risk-return profile and broadens its appeal to a wider investor base, particularly income-focused funds.</p><p>Industry experts highlight the strategic importance. “This is a watershed moment for crypto asset management,” stated a portfolio manager at a major wealth advisory firm. “It validates the economic viability of proof-of-stake assets within regulated frameworks. Previously, U.S. investors were at a disadvantage compared to their European counterparts who had access to staking ETPs. Grayscale has leveled the playing field.” The move also increases competitive pressure on other issuers seeking SEC approval for spot Ethereum ETFs. Any future U.S. Ethereum ETF will now likely need a staking component to remain competitive with ETHE’s new feature set.</p><h3>The Regulatory Pathway and Future Precedent</h3><p>Grayscale’s success in launching this program did not occur in a vacuum. It follows years of industry advocacy and evolving regulatory clarity. The SEC’s approval of Ethereum futures ETFs in 2023 was a key precursor. It signaled a growing acceptance of Ethereum’s market structure. Grayscale’s own legal victory regarding the conversion of its Bitcoin Trust (GBTC) to an ETF also demonstrated its willingness to engage the regulator through the courts if necessary. For this staking initiative, Grayscale almost certainly presented a robust operational plan emphasizing:</p><ul><li><strong>Asset Security:</strong> Outlining how staked ETH remains under strict custody protocols.</li><li><strong>Reward Transparency:</strong> Detailing clear methodologies for calculating and distributing rewards.</li><li><strong>Risk Disclosures:</strong> Comprehensively informing investors of slashing risks and network penalties.</li></ul><p>This precedent could accelerate similar features for other proof-of-stake asset trusts. It also provides a potential blueprint for how a spot Ethereum ETF with staking might eventually gain SEC approval, merging the benefits of a spot ETF with the income generation of staking.</p><h2>Conclusion</h2><p>Grayscale’s decision to distribute <strong>ETHE staking rewards</strong> marks a transformative milestone in the maturation of cryptocurrency investment products. By successfully integrating yield generation into a U.S.-listed vehicle, Grayscale has enhanced the value proposition for existing investors and potentially attracted a new cohort of income-focused capital. This move narrows the product gap between the U.S. and other global markets, sets a new competitive standard for future Ethereum ETPs, and reflects a significant step forward in the constructive engagement between the digital asset industry and financial regulators. The distribution of <strong>Grayscale ETHE staking</strong> profits is more than a product update; it is a signal that the infrastructure for crypto assets is evolving to fully capture their native economic benefits.</p><h2>FAQs</h2><p><strong>Q1:</strong> How will Grayscale distribute the ETHE staking rewards to investors?<br>Grayscale will distribute the staking rewards periodically, likely quarterly. Shareholders can typically choose to receive these distributions in cash (U.S. dollars) or as additional shares of the ETHE trust, providing flexibility for different investment and tax strategies.</p><p><strong>Q2:</strong> What does this mean for the price of ETHE shares?<br>This development is generally viewed as positive for ETHE’s valuation. By generating yield, ETHE becomes more attractive, which can help reduce its historical discount to Net Asset Value (NAV) and potentially support the share price over time, all else being equal.</p><p><strong>Q3:</strong> Is this the same as a spot Ethereum ETF?<br>No, the Grayscale Ethereum Trust (ETHE) is currently an Exchange-Traded Product (ETP) traded on over-the-counter (OTC) markets. A spot Ethereum ETF, which would trade on major exchanges like the NYSE or Nasdaq, has not yet been approved by the SEC. However, ETHE’s new staking feature raises the bar for what a future ETF might need to offer.</p><p><strong>Q4:</strong> Are there any risks associated with the staking rewards program?<br>Yes, staking involves inherent risks, including “slashing” penalties for validator misbehavior, potential network downtime, and the illiquidity of staked assets for a period. Grayscale manages these risks through professional partners, but they are disclosed to investors.</p><p><strong>Q5:</strong> Could this lead to similar features for other Grayscale products?<br>It is a strong possibility. If the ETHE staking rewards program is successful and operates smoothly, Grayscale may explore implementing similar yield-generating mechanisms for other trusts holding proof-of-stake assets, depending on regulatory feasibility and investor demand.</p><div class="post-disclaimer"><p><strong>Disclaimer:</strong> The information provided is not trading advice, <a href="https://www.bitcoinworld.co.in"> Bitcoinworld.co.in </a> holds no liability for any investments made based on the information provided on this page. We strongly recommend independent research and/or consultation with a qualified professional before making any investment decisions.</p></div></div></body></html>

In a landmark move for the digital asset industry, Grayscale Investments announced on March 15, 2025, that it will begin distributing staking rewards from its Ethereum Trust (ETHE) directly to investors. This pivotal decision establishes the Grayscale Ethereum Trust as the first U.S.-listed Ethereum Exchange-Traded Product (ETP) to pass staking profits to shareholders, fundamentally altering the value proposition for institutional and retail investors alike. Consequently, this action bridges a critical gap between traditional finance mechanisms and the native yield-generating capabilities of proof-of-stake blockchain networks.

Grayscale ETHE Staking Rewards: Breaking New Ground

Grayscale’s announcement represents a significant evolution in its product strategy. Previously, the Grayscale Ethereum Trust (ETHE) operated as a passive holding vehicle. The trust simply acquired and held Ethereum (ETH) on behalf of investors. However, following Ethereum’s transition to a proof-of-stake consensus mechanism in 2022, those held assets gained the inherent ability to earn yield through staking. For years, this potential revenue stream remained untapped for ETHE shareholders. Now, Grayscale has implemented the necessary infrastructure to participate in Ethereum staking and will distribute the accrued rewards. This development directly addresses long-standing investor demand for yield within spot crypto ETP structures.

Furthermore, this move carries substantial regulatory and market implications. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has historically scrutinized staking services. Grayscale’s ability to launch this program suggests a matured regulatory dialogue. The firm likely engaged extensively with regulators to ensure compliance. This paves the way for other asset managers to follow suit. The distribution model itself will be crucial. Grayscale indicated rewards will be distributed periodically in U.S. dollars, unless shareholders elect to receive them in-kind as additional ETHE shares. This flexibility caters to different investor tax and strategy preferences.

The Mechanics of Ethereum Staking and ETP Integration

Understanding this news requires a clear grasp of Ethereum staking. In proof-of-stake, participants, known as validators, lock up or “stake” ETH to help secure the network. In return, they earn rewards in the form of additional ETH. These rewards come from newly issued ETH and transaction fees. For an entity like Grayscale, staking the massive ETH holdings of the ETHE trust generates a substantial yield. The technical and operational challenge involves doing this securely, reliably, and at scale. Grayscale partners with established, institutional-grade staking providers to manage validator operations. This delegation ensures network participation without compromising the custody of the underlying assets.

A Comparative Look at Staking ETP Structures

The table below contrasts the new ETHE model with other common structures for gaining Ethereum exposure:

Spot ETP, distributes yield, listed on OTC markets

Spot ETPs that frequently incorporate staking, listed on EU exchanges

User holds private keys, requires 32 ETH minimum for solo staking

Convenient but involves custodial risk, yields set by platform

Would hold ETH but not generate yield, awaiting SEC approval

As shown, Grayscale’s move brings the U.S. market closer to the feature set already available in Europe and through direct participation. The key advantage for investors is 

. They gain exposure to staking yield without managing technical validators or navigating self-custody. This significantly lowers the barrier to entry. Moreover, it provides a regulated, familiar investment wrapper for yield-seeking capital.

The immediate market reaction has been notably positive. Analysts observe a narrowing of ETHE’s discount to its Net Asset Value (NAV). Historically, ETHE often traded at a significant discount because investors could not access the underlying asset’s yield. The promise of staking rewards directly addresses this valuation gap. By generating a yield, ETHE transforms from a pure price-appreciation vehicle into an income-generating asset. This change fundamentally alters its risk-return profile and broadens its appeal to a wider investor base, particularly income-focused funds.

Industry experts highlight the strategic importance. “This is a watershed moment for crypto asset management,” stated a portfolio manager at a major wealth advisory firm. “It validates the economic viability of proof-of-stake assets within regulated frameworks. Previously, U.S. investors were at a disadvantage compared to their European counterparts who had access to staking ETPs. Grayscale has leveled the playing field.” The move also increases competitive pressure on other issuers seeking SEC approval for spot Ethereum ETFs. Any future U.S. Ethereum ETF will now likely need a staking component to remain competitive with ETHE’s new feature set.

The Regulatory Pathway and Future Precedent

Grayscale’s success in launching this program did not occur in a vacuum. It follows years of industry advocacy and evolving regulatory clarity. The SEC’s approval of Ethereum futures ETFs in 2023 was a key precursor. It signaled a growing acceptance of Ethereum’s market structure. Grayscale’s own legal victory regarding the conversion of its Bitcoin Trust (GBTC) to an ETF also demonstrated its willingness to engage the regulator through the courts if necessary. For this staking initiative, Grayscale almost certainly presented a robust operational plan emphasizing:

 Outlining how staked ETH remains under strict custody protocols.

 Detailing clear methodologies for calculating and distributing rewards.

 Comprehensively informing investors of slashing risks and network penalties.

This precedent could accelerate similar features for other proof-of-stake asset trusts. It also provides a potential blueprint for how a spot Ethereum ETF with staking might eventually gain SEC approval, merging the benefits of a spot ETF with the income generation of staking.

 marks a transformative milestone in the maturation of cryptocurrency investment products. By successfully integrating yield generation into a U.S.-listed vehicle, Grayscale has enhanced the value proposition for existing investors and potentially attracted a new cohort of income-focused capital. This move narrows the product gap between the U.S. and other global markets, sets a new competitive standard for future Ethereum ETPs, and reflects a significant step forward in the constructive engagement between the digital asset industry and financial regulators. The distribution of 

 profits is more than a product update; it is a signal that the infrastructure for crypto assets is evolving to fully capture their native economic benefits.

 How will Grayscale distribute the ETHE staking rewards to investors?

Grayscale will distribute the staking rewards periodically, likely quarterly. Shareholders can typically choose to receive these distributions in cash (U.S. dollars) or as additional shares of the ETHE trust, providing flexibility for different investment and tax strategies.

 What does this mean for the price of ETHE shares?

This development is generally viewed as positive for ETHE’s valuation. By generating yield, ETHE becomes more attractive, which can help reduce its historical discount to Net Asset Value (NAV) and potentially support the share price over time, all else being equal.

 Is this the same as a spot Ethereum ETF?

No, the Grayscale Ethereum Trust (ETHE) is currently an Exchange-Traded Product (ETP) traded on over-the-counter (OTC) markets. A spot Ethereum ETF, which would trade on major exchanges like the NYSE or Nasdaq, has not yet been approved by the SEC. However, ETHE’s new staking feature raises the bar for what a future ETF might need to offer.

 Are there any risks associated with the staking rewards program?

Yes, staking involves inherent risks, including “slashing” penalties for validator misbehavior, potential network downtime, and the illiquidity of staked assets for a period. Grayscale manages these risks through professional partners, but they are disclosed to investors.

 Could this lead to similar features for other Grayscale products?

It is a strong possibility. If the ETHE staking rewards program is successful and operates smoothly, Grayscale may explore implementing similar yield-generating mechanisms for other trusts holding proof-of-stake assets, depending on regulatory feasibility and investor demand.

 The information provided is not trading advice, 

 holds no liability for any investments made based on the information provided on this page. We strongly recommend independent research and/or consultation with a qualified professional before making any investment decisions.

Grayscale ETHE to Distribute Staking Rewards to U.S. Investors

Bitcoin news broke this week as MicroStrategy added 1,287 BTC to its holdings for around $116 million between December 29 and January 4, 2026. The company now owns 673,783 Bitcoin, valued at over $60 billion. Michael Saylor confirmed the purchase, which continues the firm’s strategy of holding Bitcoin as a key reserve asset. The funds came from operational cash and convertible senior notes, with an average cost well below current prices. Bitcoin analysis suggests the move reinforces institutional confidence in the asset.

<html><body><div class="entry-content"><p>In a decisive move that underscores its unwavering conviction, business intelligence firm MicroStrategy has executed another major <strong>MicroStrategy Bitcoin purchase</strong>, acquiring 1,287 BTC for approximately $116 million between December 29 and January 4. Chairman Michael Saylor announced the transaction, revealing the company’s total holdings now stand at a staggering 673,783 Bitcoin. This strategic accumulation continues to redefine corporate treasury management and solidifies MicroStrategy’s position as the world’s leading publicly-traded corporate holder of the digital asset.</p><h2>Analyzing the Latest MicroStrategy Bitcoin Purchase</h2><p>MicroStrategy’s latest acquisition represents a consistent application of its long-term corporate strategy. The company paid an average price of roughly $90,100 per Bitcoin during this buying period. Consequently, this purchase follows the firm’s established methodology of dollar-cost averaging into Bitcoin, regardless of short-term market volatility. Furthermore, this transaction brings MicroStrategy’s total investment in Bitcoin to over $4.5 billion, based on cumulative purchase prices. The company’s average cost basis per Bitcoin remains significantly below the current market price, providing a substantial unrealized gain on its balance sheet. This financial engineering has become a case study for other corporations.</p><h2>The Evolution of a Corporate Bitcoin Strategy</h2><p>MicroStrategy’s journey began in August 2020 when it first announced Bitcoin as its primary treasury reserve asset. Since that pivotal decision, the company has conducted numerous purchases through open market operations and convertible note offerings. The strategy, championed by executive chairman Michael Saylor, posits Bitcoin as a superior store of value compared to traditional fiat currencies, which are subject to inflationary pressures. Importantly, this approach has attracted both significant investor interest and intense scrutiny from financial regulators. The company’s quarterly earnings reports now prominently feature Bitcoin-related metrics alongside its core software business performance.</p><h3>Market Impact and Institutional Sentiment</h3><p>Each MicroStrategy announcement typically generates immediate market reactions. Analysts closely monitor these purchases as a barometer for institutional sentiment. The scale of MicroStrategy’s holdings, now representing over 3.2% of the total Bitcoin that will ever be mined, gives it outsized influence. This accumulation has sparked debates about corporate concentration of a decentralized asset. However, it also demonstrates a high-conviction, long-term investment thesis that other public companies have begun to emulate, albeit on a smaller scale. The table below outlines the scale of MicroStrategy’s position relative to other known corporate holders.</p><table><caption>Major Corporate Bitcoin Treasury Holdings (Approximate)</caption><tr><th>Company</th><th>Bitcoin Held</th><th>Approx. Value (USD)</th><th>Announcement Date</th></tr><tr><td>MicroStrategy</td><td>673,783 BTC</td><td>$60+ Billion</td><td>Ongoing</td></tr><tr><td>Tesla</td><td>~10,800 BTC</td><td>$~1 Billion</td><td>Feb 2021</td></tr><tr><td>Block (Square)</td><td>8,027 BTC</td><td>$~700 Million</td><td>Oct 2020/Feb 2021</td></tr><tr><td>Marathon Digital (Held)</td><td>~15,000 BTC</td><td>$~1.3 Billion</td><td>As of Dec 2024</td></tr></table><h2>Financial Mechanics and Balance Sheet Implications</h2><p>MicroStrategy funds its Bitcoin acquisitions through a combination of operational cash flow and debt financing. The company has successfully issued multiple rounds of convertible senior notes, specifically earmarked for Bitcoin purchases. These notes carry a low coupon interest rate, which management argues is justified by the potential long-term appreciation of Bitcoin. Accounting standards require the company to treat Bitcoin as an indefinite-lived intangible asset. This classification means MicroStrategy must assess the asset for impairment quarterly if the market price falls below its carrying value, while upward revaluations are not recognized until sale. This asymmetric accounting treatment creates unique volatility in its reported earnings.</p><p>Key financial aspects of the strategy include:</p><ul><li><strong>Capital Allocation:</strong> Redirecting cash reserves from traditional instruments to a digital asset.</li><li><strong>Debt Strategy:</strong> Using low-interest debt to acquire a non-yielding asset based on appreciation thesis.</li><li><strong>Shareholder Value:</strong> The company’s stock price has become highly correlated with Bitcoin’s price.</li><li><strong>Risk Management:</strong> Employing sophisticated custody solutions with multiple institutional partners.</li></ul><h3>Regulatory Landscape and Future Considerations</h3><p>The regulatory environment for corporate Bitcoin holdings continues to evolve. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has focused on the accounting and disclosure practices of companies holding crypto assets. MicroStrategy maintains detailed disclosures about the risks, including price volatility, regulatory uncertainty, and technological obsolescence. Looking ahead, potential approval of spot Bitcoin Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) in the United States could provide alternative exposure for investors, potentially affecting demand for MicroStrategy’s stock as a proxy. Nevertheless, the company’s first-mover advantage and massive scale present a unique and deeply entrenched position within the digital asset ecosystem.</p><h2>Conclusion</h2><p>MicroStrategy’s latest <strong>MicroStrategy Bitcoin purchase</strong> of 1,287 BTC for $116 million is not an isolated event but a chapter in a sustained, high-conviction corporate strategy. This move reinforces the company’s commitment to Bitcoin as its primary treasury reserve asset, bringing its total holdings to 673,783 BTC. The strategy, spearheaded by Michael Saylor, has transformed the company’s financial profile and ignited a broader conversation about the role of digital assets in corporate finance. While carrying inherent volatility and regulatory risks, this aggressive accumulation positions MicroStrategy at the forefront of a potential paradigm shift in how public companies manage capital and store value for the long term.</p><h2>FAQs</h2><p><strong>Q1:</strong> How does MicroStrategy pay for its Bitcoin purchases?<br>MicroStrategy uses a combination of excess operational cash flow and proceeds from debt offerings, specifically convertible senior notes. These notes are sold to institutional investors with the explicit purpose of acquiring more Bitcoin.</p><p><strong>Q2:</strong> What is MicroStrategy’s average purchase price for Bitcoin?<br>While the exact figure fluctuates with each purchase, public filings indicate MicroStrategy’s average cost basis is approximately $35,160 per Bitcoin, significantly below current market prices, resulting in a substantial unrealized gain.</p><p><strong>Q3:</strong> Does holding Bitcoin affect MicroStrategy’s core business?<br>Management states the Bitcoin strategy is separate from its core business intelligence and software operations. However, the company’s market valuation and investor attention are now heavily influenced by its Bitcoin treasury performance.</p><p><strong>Q4:</strong> What are the main risks of this corporate Bitcoin strategy?<br>Primary risks include extreme Bitcoin price volatility, potential regulatory changes impacting custody or accounting, technological risk to the Bitcoin network, and the illiquidity of selling such a large position without impacting the market.</p><p><strong>Q5:</strong> Have other companies followed MicroStrategy’s lead?<br>Yes, several public companies like Tesla, Block (formerly Square), and Marathon Digital have allocated portions of their treasury to Bitcoin, though none have pursued a strategy as aggressive or sustained as MicroStrategy’s.</p><div class="post-disclaimer"><p><strong>Disclaimer:</strong> The information provided is not trading advice, <a href="https://www.bitcoinworld.co.in"> Bitcoinworld.co.in </a> holds no liability for any investments made based on the information provided on this page. We strongly recommend independent research and/or consultation with a qualified professional before making any investment decisions.</p></div></div></body></html>

In a decisive move that underscores its unwavering conviction, business intelligence firm MicroStrategy has executed another major 

, acquiring 1,287 BTC for approximately $116 million between December 29 and January 4. Chairman Michael Saylor announced the transaction, revealing the company’s total holdings now stand at a staggering 673,783 Bitcoin. This strategic accumulation continues to redefine corporate treasury management and solidifies MicroStrategy’s position as the world’s leading publicly-traded corporate holder of the digital asset.

Analyzing the Latest MicroStrategy Bitcoin Purchase

MicroStrategy’s latest acquisition represents a consistent application of its long-term corporate strategy. The company paid an average price of roughly $90,100 per Bitcoin during this buying period. Consequently, this purchase follows the firm’s established methodology of dollar-cost averaging into Bitcoin, regardless of short-term market volatility. Furthermore, this transaction brings MicroStrategy’s total investment in Bitcoin to over $4.5 billion, based on cumulative purchase prices. The company’s average cost basis per Bitcoin remains significantly below the current market price, providing a substantial unrealized gain on its balance sheet. This financial engineering has become a case study for other corporations.

The Evolution of a Corporate Bitcoin Strategy

MicroStrategy’s journey began in August 2020 when it first announced Bitcoin as its primary treasury reserve asset. Since that pivotal decision, the company has conducted numerous purchases through open market operations and convertible note offerings. The strategy, championed by executive chairman Michael Saylor, posits Bitcoin as a superior store of value compared to traditional fiat currencies, which are subject to inflationary pressures. Importantly, this approach has attracted both significant investor interest and intense scrutiny from financial regulators. The company’s quarterly earnings reports now prominently feature Bitcoin-related metrics alongside its core software business performance.

Market Impact and Institutional Sentiment

Each MicroStrategy announcement typically generates immediate market reactions. Analysts closely monitor these purchases as a barometer for institutional sentiment. The scale of MicroStrategy’s holdings, now representing over 3.2% of the total Bitcoin that will ever be mined, gives it outsized influence. This accumulation has sparked debates about corporate concentration of a decentralized asset. However, it also demonstrates a high-conviction, long-term investment thesis that other public companies have begun to emulate, albeit on a smaller scale. The table below outlines the scale of MicroStrategy’s position relative to other known corporate holders.

Major Corporate Bitcoin Treasury Holdings (Approximate)

Financial Mechanics and Balance Sheet Implications

MicroStrategy funds its Bitcoin acquisitions through a combination of operational cash flow and debt financing. The company has successfully issued multiple rounds of convertible senior notes, specifically earmarked for Bitcoin purchases. These notes carry a low coupon interest rate, which management argues is justified by the potential long-term appreciation of Bitcoin. Accounting standards require the company to treat Bitcoin as an indefinite-lived intangible asset. This classification means MicroStrategy must assess the asset for impairment quarterly if the market price falls below its carrying value, while upward revaluations are not recognized until sale. This asymmetric accounting treatment creates unique volatility in its reported earnings.

Key financial aspects of the strategy include:

 Redirecting cash reserves from traditional instruments to a digital asset.

 Using low-interest debt to acquire a non-yielding asset based on appreciation thesis.

 The company’s stock price has become highly correlated with Bitcoin’s price.

 Employing sophisticated custody solutions with multiple institutional partners.

Regulatory Landscape and Future Considerations

The regulatory environment for corporate Bitcoin holdings continues to evolve. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has focused on the accounting and disclosure practices of companies holding crypto assets. MicroStrategy maintains detailed disclosures about the risks, including price volatility, regulatory uncertainty, and technological obsolescence. Looking ahead, potential approval of spot Bitcoin Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) in the United States could provide alternative exposure for investors, potentially affecting demand for MicroStrategy’s stock as a proxy. Nevertheless, the company’s first-mover advantage and massive scale present a unique and deeply entrenched position within the digital asset ecosystem.

 of 1,287 BTC for $116 million is not an isolated event but a chapter in a sustained, high-conviction corporate strategy. This move reinforces the company’s commitment to Bitcoin as its primary treasury reserve asset, bringing its total holdings to 673,783 BTC. The strategy, spearheaded by Michael Saylor, has transformed the company’s financial profile and ignited a broader conversation about the role of digital assets in corporate finance. While carrying inherent volatility and regulatory risks, this aggressive accumulation positions MicroStrategy at the forefront of a potential paradigm shift in how public companies manage capital and store value for the long term.

 How does MicroStrategy pay for its Bitcoin purchases?

MicroStrategy uses a combination of excess operational cash flow and proceeds from debt offerings, specifically convertible senior notes. These notes are sold to institutional investors with the explicit purpose of acquiring more Bitcoin.

 What is MicroStrategy’s average purchase price for Bitcoin?

While the exact figure fluctuates with each purchase, public filings indicate MicroStrategy’s average cost basis is approximately $35,160 per Bitcoin, significantly below current market prices, resulting in a substantial unrealized gain.

 Does holding Bitcoin affect MicroStrategy’s core business?

Management states the Bitcoin strategy is separate from its core business intelligence and software operations. However, the company’s market valuation and investor attention are now heavily influenced by its Bitcoin treasury performance.

 What are the main risks of this corporate Bitcoin strategy?

Primary risks include extreme Bitcoin price volatility, potential regulatory changes impacting custody or accounting, technological risk to the Bitcoin network, and the illiquidity of selling such a large position without impacting the market.

 Have other companies followed MicroStrategy’s lead?

Yes, several public companies like Tesla, Block (formerly Square), and Marathon Digital have allocated portions of their treasury to Bitcoin, though none have pursued a strategy as aggressive or sustained as MicroStrategy’s.

MicroStrategy Acquires 1,287 BTC for $116M, Total Holdings Reach 673,783 Bitcoin

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KuCoin EU Waitlist Giveaway Phase II: Terms and Conditions

<div>This Privacy Policy (this “<bl>Policy</bl>”) applies to the processing of personal data in connection with all services provided by KuCoin EU Exchange GmbH, legal entity code FN 641084x, a company registered at Am Grüner Prater 2/3. Stock, 1020 Vienna, Austria (the “<bl>KuCoin EU</bl>,” “<bl>we</bl>,” “<bl>us</bl>” or “<bl>our</bl>”). KuCoin EU services and products are offered via our crypto platform, including any related mobile applications and websites used to access the same (collectively the “<bl>Platform</bl>”).</div>

<div>This Policy describes how Kucoin EU collects, uses, and discloses personal data processed during the provision of its services. This includes, but is not limited to:
</div>
<ul>
<li>Account creation and management;</li>
<li>Identity verification (KYC);</li>
<li>Execution of trades;</li>
<li>Customer support;</li>
<li>Promotional campaigns;</li>
<li>And any interaction with the Platform (“<bl>Services</bl>”).
</li>
</ul>

<div>This Policy supplements the other policies and is not intended to override them. Terms used within it shall have the meaning(s) given in the Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)) and the Austrian Data Protection Act (Datenschutzgesetz (DSG)), as applicable.</div>

<div>You may exercise these rights free of charge. However, if your requests are manifestly unfounded or excessive (e.g. due to their repetitive nature), we may:</div>
<ul><li>Charge a reasonable fee based on administrative costs; or</li>
<li>Refuse to act on the request.</li></ul>
<div>We will respond to your request without undue delay and in any case within one month of receipt, in accordance with Article 12(3) GDPR. This period may be extended by up to two additional months where necessary due to the complexity or number of requests. In such cases, we will notify you of the extension and provide the reasons. If we are unable to act on your request, we will inform you without delay, and in any case within one month of receipt of the request and provide reasons for not taking action.</div>
<div>Where we have reasonable doubts about your identity, we may request additional information to verify it (Article 12(6) GDPR). This ensures that your Personal Data is not disclosed to unauthorised individuals.</div>
<div>To exercise your data protection rights, please contact our DPO at <e>privacy@kucoin.eu</e>.</div>

<div>In some cases, we may not be able to fully fulfill your request because:</div>
<ul><li>We are legally required to keep certain Personal Data under laws like anti-money laundering (Section 21 FM-GwG), tax law (Section 132(1) BAO), or commercial law (Sections 190, 212 UGB).</li>
<li>We must retain data to respond to official requests by authorities, including investigations, subpoenas, or other legal actions.</li>
<li>We need to keep data to protect our legal rights when there is an ongoing or expected legal case (but not for hypothetical or unplanned cases).</li>
<li>Your request would reveal confidential or legally protected information. We will provide what is possible without violating these protections.</li></ul>

<div>You have the following rights under the GDPR in relation to your Personal Data:</div>

<ul><li><bl>Right of Access</bl> (Article 15 GDPR): You have the right to obtain confirmation as to whether we process Personal Data concerning you, and, where that is the case, to access such data and related information, including the purposes of Processing, categories of Personal Data, recipients, and retention periods.</li>
<li><bl>Right to Rectification</bl> (Article 16 GDPR): You have the right to request the correction of inaccurate Personal Data and the completion of incomplete Personal Data concerning you.</li>
<li><bl>Right to Erasure</bl> (“Right to be Forgotten”, Article 17 GDPR): You may request the deletion of your Personal Data where, for example, the data is no longer necessary for the purposes for which it was collected, or where you have withdrawn your consent and no other legal basis for Processing applies.</li>
<li><bl>Right to Restriction of Processing</bl> (Article 18 GDPR): You may request that we restrict the Processing of your Personal Data in certain cases, e.g. if the accuracy of the data is contested, or if the Processing is unlawful but you oppose erasure.</li>
<li><bl>Right to Data Portability</bl> (Article 20 GDPR): Where the Processing is based on your consent or a contract and carried out by automated means, you have the right to receive the Personal Data you provided in a structured, commonly used and machine-readable format and to transmit it to another Controller.</li>

<li><bl>Right to Object</bl> (Article 21 GDPR): Where Processing is based on our legitimate interests (Article 6(1)(f) GDPR), you have the right to object on grounds relating to your particular situation. In that case, we will stop Processing your Personal Data unless we can demonstrate compelling legitimate grounds that override your interests, rights, and freedoms, or if the Processing is necessary for the establishment, exercise, or defence of legal claims.</li>
<li><bl>Right to Withdraw Consent</bl> (Article 7(3) GDPR): Where Processing is based on your consent (Article 6(1)(a) or Article 9(2)(a) GDPR), you may withdraw your consent at any time. This does not affect the lawfulness of Processing based on consent before its withdrawal.</li>
<li><bl>Right not to be subject to Automated Decision-Making</bl> (Article 22 GDPR): You have the right not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated Processing, including profiling, which produces legal effects or similarly significantly affects you, unless one of the exemptions under Article 22(2) GDPR applies.</li>
<li><bl>Right to Lodge a Complaint</bl>  (Article 77 GDPR):You may lodge a complaint with the competent data protection authority. In Austria, this is the Datenschutzbehörde (DSB), Barichgasse 40–42, 1030 Vienna (www.dsb.gv.at).</li>
<li><bl>Right to Compensation</bl>: (Article 82 GDPR) If you suffer material or non-material damage due to a breach of the GDPR, you may be entitled to compensation from the responsible Controller or processor. This does not affect any other legal remedies available to you.</li></ul>

<div>Cookies are small files stored on your device when you visit our website. We use them to ensure a secure, user-friendly, and optimised browsing experience when you visit our website.</div><div>Cookies help us to:</div> <ul><li>Maintain user sessions across page requests,</li> <li>Remember your preferences,</li> <li>Improve the usability and performance of our website,</li> <li>Facilitate navigation, and</li> <li>Support essential features such as login functionality and shopping carts.</li></ul> <div>Cookies essential for these functions are processed based on our legitimate interest in maintaining site operation (Article 6(1)(f) GDPR).</div> <div>For all other cookies, including those for analytics, marketing, or personalization, we obtain your clear, informed consent beforehand (Section 165(3) TKG 2021, Article 6(1)(a) GDPR). You can revoke this consent anytime for the future.</div> <div>Types of Cookies we use:</div> <ul><li>Session cookies: These are temporary and are automatically deleted once you close your browser.</li> <li>Persistent cookies: These remain stored on your device until they expire or are manually deleted in your browser settings.</li></ul> <div>You control cookie use via your browser settings, where you can:</div> <ul><li>Block all cookies,</li> <li>Be notified before a cookie is saved,</li> <li>Accept cookies only in specific cases, or</li> <li>Delete all cookies automatically when closing the browser.</li></ul> <div>For example: </div> <ul><li>Microsoft Edge: Settings > Cookies and site permissions</li> <li>Mozilla Firefox: Preferences > Privacy & Security > Cookies and Site Data</li> <li>Google Chrome: Settings > Privacy and security > Cookies and other site data</li></ul> <div>Please note: Disabling certain cookies may limit the functionality of some parts of our website.</div>

<div>We take the security of your Personal Data very seriously and employ a wide range of measures to keep it safe. Our security framework combines administrative, technical, and physical controls designed to prevent unauthorized access, loss, alteration, or misuse of your information.</div>
<div>Some of the key protections we use include:</div>
<ul><li>Encryption technologies to secure data transfers and storage;</li>
<li>Two-factor authentication (2FA) to add an extra layer of account protection;</li>
<li>Regular security assessments and audits to ensure our safeguards remain effective;</li>
<li>Strict access controls limiting personal data access to authorized personnel only;</li>
<li>Data minimization methods such as pseudonymization where applicable;</li>
<li>Procedures for quick recovery of data availability in case of technical failures;</li>
<li>Ongoing staff training and clear IT security policies;</li>
<li>Incident response plans to promptly handle any security breaches.</li></ul>
<div>We encourage you to enable two-factor authentication and keep your account credentials confidential to further enhance your security. Protecting your data is a continuous commitment, and we regularly update our security practices to stay ahead of emerging threats and comply with international standards.</div>

<div>We do not use your Personal Data for automated decision-making, including profiling, within the meaning of Article 22(1) and (4) GDPR. This means that you are not subject to any decision based solely on automated Processing which produces legal effects concerning you or similarly significantly affects you.</div>

<div>Our platform is intended exclusively for users who are 18 years of age or older. We do not offer our services to minors, and therefore, we do not knowingly collect personal information from anyone under 18. If you are under 18, please do not use our services or submit any personal data to us.</div>

<div>In principle, you are not legally required to provide us with your Personal Data. However, the provision of certain Personal Data is necessary to access and use our Platform, to comply with statutory obligations (e.g. under anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing laws), or to enter into and perform a contract with us.</div>
<div>In particular, we are legally obliged to collect and process specific categories of Personal Data (such as identification documents and proof of address) before entering into a business relationship, and on an ongoing basis, in accordance with applicable Know-Your-Customer (KYC) and Anti-Money Laundering (AML) requirements. </div>
<div>Without this information, we cannot provide you with access to our Services or might not be able to establish or continue a business relationship with you, or to provide certain features of our Platform.</div>

<div>This Policy is current as of the “Last Updated” date indicated above. We may update or amend this Policy from time to time to reflect changes in legal requirements, our data Processing practices, or the features of our Services. Therefore, we encourage you to review this Policy periodically to stay informed about how we process your Personal Data.</div>

<div>If you have any further questions about the processing of your personal data, please contact our DPO: <e>privacy@kucoin.eu.</e></div>

<div>The following definitions are particularly relevant:</div>
<ul><li>“<bl>Personal Data</bl>” refers to any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person.</li>
<li>“<bl>Processing”</bl> refers to any operation or set of operations which is performed on personal data or on sets of personal data, whether or not by automated means, such as collection, recording, organisation, structuring, storage, adaptation or alteration, retrieval, consultation, use, disclosure by transmission, dissemination or otherwise making available, alignment or combination, restriction, erasure or destruction.</li>
<li>"<bl>Controller</bl>" refers to the natural or legal person, public authority, agency, or other body which, alone or jointly with others, determines the purposes and means of the processing of personal data.</li>
<li>“<bl>Supervisory Authority</bl>” refers to the Österreichische Datenschutzbehörde, Barichgasse 40-42, 1030 Vienna (T +43 1 52 152-0, M dsb@dsb.gv.at).</li>
<li>“<bl>Data Subject</bl>” means an identified or identifiable natural person. An identifiable natural person is one who can be identified, directly, or indirectly, by reference to an identifier, such as a name, an identification number, location data, an online identifier or to one or more factors specific to the physical, physiological, genetic, mental, economic, cultural, or social identity of that natural person.</li></ul>

<div>KuCoin EU acts as the Controller of your Personal Data in connection with the Services we provide. This means we are responsible for ensuring the lawful and secure Processing of your Personal Data and for complying with applicable data protection laws and regulatory requirements.</div>
<div>By registering for and using the Platform, you acknowledge that your Personal Data will be processed in accordance with this Policy and the Terms and Conditions applicable to the Platform.</div>
<div>To help us meet these obligations, we have appointed an internal Data Protection Officer (DPO) who oversees our data protection compliance and serves as the main point of contact for both Supervisory Authorities and Data Subjects on all matters relating to privacy.</div>
<div>If you have any questions or concerns about how your Personal Data is being processed, you can contact our DPO at <e>privacy@kucoin.eu</e>. For certain requests, we require further identification data from you (e.g. passport, ID card, etc), in order to ensure that your Personal Data is only shared with you.</div>

<div>We are committed to Processing only Personal Data that is adequate, relevant, and limited to what is necessary in relation to the purposes for which it is processed, in accordance with the data minimization principle set out in Article 5(1)(c) of the GDPR.</div>
<div>We collect your Personal Data in a variety of ways depending on how you interact with us and our Services, including: </div>
<div><bl>Information you provide to us</bl>, for example:</div>
<ul><li>When you register for an account or use our Platform;</li>
<li>During the Know-Your-Customer (KYC) or account opening process;</li>
<li>When you complete forms or upload documents on the Platform;</li>
<li>When you subscribe to news and updates from us;</li>
<li>When you contact our support or other employees via email or other communication channels;</li>
<li>When you submit support requests, participate in dispute resolution, or request assistance;</li>
<li>When you participate in events, fairs, interviews;</li>
<li>When you visit our offices in person.</li></ul>
<div><bl>From third parties</bl>, such as:</div>
<ul><li>Affiliates and partners who enable or support your access to our Services;</li>
<li>Service providers for identity verification, background screening, PEP and sanctions checks, and fraud prevention;</li>
<li>Credit reference agencies and financial service providers;</li>
<li>Publicly accessible sources (e.g., commercial registers or government databases within the EU);</li>
<li>Licensed data brokers or aggregators, where legally permissible.</li></ul>
<div><bl>By automatic collection</bl>, such as:</div>
<ul><li>WhenThrough your use of our Services and Platform via technical logs, usage tracking, or cookies.</li></ul>

<div>In operating our Platform and providing our Services, we may process the following <bl>categories of Personal Data</bl>:</div>

<ul><li><bl>Identification data</bl>: full name, date and place of birth, nationality, identification number, passport/ID documents.</li>
<li><bl>Contact details</bl>: residential address, email address, phone number.</li>
<li><bl>Financial and transactional data</bl>: source of funds and wealth, bank account information, payment method details (e.g. credit card number, expiration date, security code), tax identification number, employment status, income.</li>
<li><bl>Verification data</bl>: identity documents, certifications (e.g. employment or inheritance documentation), results of PEP/sanctions screening.</li>
<li><bl>Employment-related data</bl>: professional background, education history, employer references (where applicable).</li>
<li><bl>Platform usage data</bl>: login timestamps, device type, interaction history, user preferences.</li>
<li><bl>Device and technical data</bl>: device model, operating system, browser type, crash logs, unique device identifiers.</li>
<li><bl>Log data</bl>: IP address, access location, timestamps, user activity.</li>
<li><bl>Account and transaction data</bl>: wallet addresses, account balances, trading history, deposit records, verification history.</li>
<li><bl>Marketing Data</bl>: data collected through cookies and other marketing technologies to personalize communications.</li>
<li><bl>Multimedia Data</bl>: photos, videos, and audio recordings.</li>
<li><bl>On-site visit data</bl>: video and image recordings captured during visits to our office premises.</li>
<li><bl>Other data</bl>: any additional information you provide when contacting our support or staff.</li></ul>

<div><bl>Please note</bl>: Certain Personal Data may be screened against risk profiles and regulatory watchlists in order to comply with our legal obligations under anti-money laundering (AML) laws and our internal KYC/AML policies. This may include checks against databases of politically exposed persons (PEPs), international sanctions lists, and fraud prevention agencies, including the involvement of credit reference providers where appropriate.</div>

<div>We process your Personal Data where it is necessary to enter into or perform our contractual relationship with you, including:</div>
<ul><li>Providing and managing access to our Services and your user account;</li>
<li>Processing transactions and executing your instructions;</li>
<li>Verifying your identity and authenticating your access;</li>
<li>Providing customer service and technical support;</li>
<li>Sending important service-related updates and notifications.</li></ul>

<div>Personal data processing may be necessary to fulfill various legal requirements, such as those set out in the 5th Anti-Money Laundering Directive (AMLD), the Austrian Money Laundering Act (FM-GwG), the Payment Services Act (ZaDiG 2018), the Trade Regulations Act (GewO 1994), FATF Travel Rule, and others. Examples of processing under these obligations include:</div>
<ul><li>Ensuring compliance and mitigating risks;</li>
<li>Conducting Know-Your-Customer (KYC) procedures, including identity verification and proof of funds;</li>
<li>Managing contracts, invoicing, and accounting;</li>
<li>Monitoring to prevent fraud, illicit use, money laundering, and terrorist financing;</li>
<li>Disclosing information to fiscal or criminal authorities as legally required;</li>
<li>Checking creditworthiness through credit agencies;</li>
<li>Performing appropriateness assessments;</li>
<li>Processing transaction details (e.g., sender and recipient information) to comply with FATF Travel Rule;</li>
<li>Recording telephone and electronic communications when mandated.</li></ul>

<div>We may process your Personal Data to pursue our legitimate interests, provided these interests are not overridden by your rights and freedoms. This includes:</div>
<ul><li>Ensuring the security, integrity, and availability of our systems and infrastructure (e.g. IT security, fraud detection, disaster recovery);</li>
<li>Operating and maintaining our Platform, websites, and applications (e.g. error diagnostics, user interface optimization, device compatibility);</li>
<li>Analysis and improvement of the platform's quality and the general user experience (e.g. performance tracking on the platform);</li>
<li>To provide marketing communications, promotions to you for KuCoin EU own, similar products or services;</li>
<li>Conducting internal audits and investigations;</li>
<li>Responding to requests from authorities, lawyers, or collection agencies during legal proceedings;</li>
<li>Managing and reducing risks by checking credit agencies, debtor lists, or business analysts;</li>
<li>Engaging with you via social media and community channels including responding to user inquiries, moderating content, and maintaining a safe and engaging environment on our official communication channels;</li>
<li>Performing video surveillance at our premises to protect property and ensure the safety of staff, clients, and visitors (subject to Section 12 and 13 DSG).</li></ul>

<div>Where required by law or where we rely on your voluntary agreement, we process your Personal Data based on your consent, including:</div>
<ul><li>Sending newsletters, promotional communications, or marketing offers (in line with Section 174 of the Austrian Telecommunications Act 2021 (TKG 2021));</li>
<li>Using optional cookies and tracking technologies for analytics and advertising;</li>
<li>Certain uses of audio, video and photo data for marketing and other representational purposes;</li>
<li>Carrying out video surveillance in areas where consent is legally required or appropriate;</li>
<li>Offering optional features on the Platform that require your express participation.</li>
<li>You may withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future.</li>
<li>We will only process your Personal Data to the extent necessary for the purposes for which it was collected, and in accordance with the principles of data minimisation and purpose limitation set out in the GDPR.</li></ul>
<div><bl>Please note</bl>: If you choose not to provide certain Personal Data that is required by law or necessary for the conclusion or performance of a contract, we may not be able to provide you with the related Services.</div>

<div>We process your Personal Data in compliance with all applicable data protection laws, including the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the E-Privacy Directive, and relevant national legislation (such as the Austrian Data Protection Act). Your Personal Data is processed solely for the <bl>purposes</bl> described below, and always based on the <bl>legal grounds</bl> set forth in Article 6(1) of the GDPR.</div>

<div>We may share your Personal Data with the following categories of recipients, in accordance with Article 13(1)(e) and 14(1)(e) GDPR:</div>
<ul><li>KuCoin Group Companies and Affiliates - To the extent necessary to respond to your requests, process transactions, secure our platform, or otherwise perform our Services;</li>
<li>IT Service Providers - For hosting, system maintenance, and cybersecurity support;</li>
<li>Card Provider - To issue and maintain card services;</li>
<li>Analytics Providers - To understand how you use our Services;</li>
<li>Payment and Financial Service Providers - To facilitate financial transactions and fund movements;</li>
<li>Customer Support and Communication Vendors - For managing customer inquiries through communication platforms, call centers, or ticketing systems;</li>
<li>Marketing and Promotions Providers - To promote our Services;</li>
<li>Identity Verification and Compliance Providers - For KYC/AML processes, sanction and PEP screenings, and fraud prevention;</li>
<li>Legal Advisors and Auditors - Where required for legal compliance, risk management, or the establishment, exercise or defense of legal claims;</li>
<li>Supervisory and Public Authorities - Where disclosure is required by law or based on lawful requests (e.g. tax authorities, regulators, law enforcement);</li>
<li>Cloud and Data Storage Providers - For secure data hosting and storage services;</li>
<li>External Tax Advisors - Where necessary for fulfilling our tax compliance obligations;</li>
<li>Potential Acquirers or Investors - In the context of mergers, acquisitions, or other corporate transactions, subject to strict confidentiality obligations.</li></ul>

<div>Where we engage third parties to process your Personal Data on our behalf, we do so under a data processing agreement (DPA) in accordance with Article 28 GDPR. These processors are contractually obliged to:</div>
<ul><li>Act only on our documented instructions,</li>
<li>Implement appropriate technical and organizational security measures, and</li>
<li>Refrain from disclosing your data to other third parties unless legally required.</li></ul>
<div>Please note that not all recipients qualify as data processors. In some cases, parties process your Personal Data as independent Controllers under Article 4(7) GDPR. This applies, for instance, to financial institutions (e.g., fiat on-ramp providers) that are independently required to retain certain information for compliance with financial or anti-money laundering laws. In such cases, Processing is carried out based on their own legal grounds under Article 6 GDPR, and no processing agreement under Article 28 GDPR is required.</div>
<div>In specific situations, data may be processed under a joint controllership arrangement pursuant to Article 26 GDPR, where two or more parties jointly determine the purposes and means of Processing. In such cases, we enter into a binding agreement which transparently allocates the respective responsibilities - especially concerning the exercise of Data Subject rights and information obligations under Article 13 and 14 GDPR. The essence of this agreement is available upon request.</div>
<div>Disclosures to public authorities, courts or regulators are strictly based on a legal obligation under Article 6(1)(c) GDPR. Such entities act as independent Controllers.</div>
<div>In the context of corporate transactions (e.g. mergers or acquisitions), potential acquirers may process Personal Data as separate Controllers, depending on the stage and structure of the transaction.</div>

<div>Our business operates internationally, with partners and service providers located in various countries. This means your Personal Data may be transferred outside your country of residence or, for European customers, outside the European Economic Area (EEA). Such transfers occur only when necessary to fulfill your requests, process transactions, or provide our Services.</div>
<li>Your personal information may be processed in countries where data protection laws differ from those in your home country. However, we are committed to protecting your data with the same standards and principles as apply where we first collected it.</li>
<li>To ensure your personal data receives a consistent level of protection, we rely on several legal mechanisms for international data transfers, including:</li>
<li>Transfers to countries recognized by the European Commission as having adequate data protection standards.</li>
<li>Use of European Commission-approved Standard Contractual Clauses (SCCs) for transfers to countries not deemed adequate, including intra-group transfers and transfers to service providers.</li>
<li>Where applicable, other lawful transfer bases such as your consent, compliance with legal requirements, performance of contracts, or important public interest justifications.</li>
<div>We will not transfer your personal data outside your country or, for Europeans, outside the EEA unless one of these legal safeguards or grounds applies.</div>
<div>For more details or to receive a copy of the safeguards we use, please contact our Data Protection Officer at <e>privacy@kucoin.eu</e>.</div>

<div>We retain your Personal Data only for as long as necessary to fulfil the purposes for which it was collected, including complying with legal, accounting, regulatory requirements or defending legal claims. </div>
<div>The specific retention periods vary depending on the legal basis and purpose of processing. In particular, statutory retention periods applicable to KuCoin EU include, but are not limited to, the following:</div>

<ul><li>Personal Data processed to perform a contract is generally stored for the duration of the contractual relationship and until the expiry of applicable statutory limitation periods. Under Austrian civil law (Section 1486 of the General Civil Code (ABGB)), this period is typically three years. In certain cases, such as pending legal disputes or where the extended limitation period under Section 1487 ABGB applies, data may be retained for up to 15 years, based on practical experience with the enforcement of claims.</li>
<li>Tax-relevant data is retained for at least seven years following the end of the relevant calendar year, in line with Section 132 BAO and Section 212 UGB.</li>
<li>Where Processing is based on your consent, Personal Data is retained until consent is withdrawn or the data is no longer necessary for the original purpose. Retention beyond this only occurs where required by law (e.g., tax or civil law retention obligations or retention periods as described above, Section 1486 and 1487 ABGB).</li>
<li>Where Personal Data must be retained by law or to establish, exercise or defend legal claims,retention periods may extend beyond standard durations. For example, transaction data collected under anti-money laundering laws (such as under the FM-GwG) must be retained for 10 years after termination of the business relationship.</li></ul>
<div>Once a retention period expires and no further legitimate purpose for retaining the Personal Data exists, we will securely delete or irreversibly anonymise your Personal Data, in line with applicable data protection laws.</div>

KuCoin EU Privacy Policy

KuCoin EU Privacy Policy:

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1. Sign up for a KuCoin account

2. Create your API key and review the documentation

3. Integrate SDKs or write your own code

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KuCoin API

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